| 1 | Light-gauge steel panelized housing | Roll-formed steel studs and tracks are cut and assembled into wall, floor, and roof panels. Openings and service routes can be incorporated into the panels. | Panels are transported flat, positioned on prepared foundations, connected, and completed with sheathing, insulation, and finishes. | Low-rise housing, small residential buildings, and extensions. | Design coordination is important because panel dimensions, structural connections, insulation, and building services must align before production. |
| 2 | Volumetric light-steel modular housing | Three-dimensional steel-framed room modules are assembled and fitted out in a factory, with the extent of finishes varying by project. | Modules are delivered by truck, lifted into position, joined, and connected to site utilities. | Worker accommodation, dormitories, temporary housing, and repeatable residential layouts. | Transport dimensions, lifting points, road access, and module-to-module connections affect the design and delivery plan. |
| 3 | Precast-concrete panel housing | Wall, floor, and other structural elements are cast in reusable factory moulds, then cured and inspected before shipment. | Panels are lifted by crane, temporarily braced, and connected; joints are completed according to the structural and weatherproofing design. | Multi-storey residential buildings and developments with repeated floor plans. | Panel weight, lifting capacity, connection detailing, and transport sequencing need to be planned together. |
| 4 | Precast-concrete volumetric modules | Room-sized or partial-room concrete units are cast and may receive factory-installed windows, finishes, or building services. | Heavy modules are crane-lifted onto prepared supports and connected to adjacent modules and site systems. | Projects with repetitive room layouts, including certain residential and accommodation buildings. | High module weight can limit transport distance and requires suitable lifting equipment and carefully designed connections. |
| 5 | Timber-frame panelized housing | Timber studs, plates, and sheathing are assembled into wall, floor, or roof panels; insulation and membranes may be added in the factory. | Panels are erected on site, secured to the structure, and finished with weather-resistant layers and internal services. | Low-rise homes, cabins, and buildings where timber construction is specified. | Moisture protection, material grading, connection design, and local fire and structural requirements must be addressed. |
| 6 | Container-based modular units | Steel container structures or container-inspired frames are modified with openings, insulation, services, and interior finishes. | Units are transported as modules, placed on prepared supports, connected, and sealed at joints and service interfaces. | Temporary accommodation, site offices, and selected modular housing projects. | Structural alterations, thermal performance, corrosion protection, and compliance with local building requirements require project-specific review. |
| 7 | Insulated sandwich-panel building systems | Factory-made panels combine metal facings with an insulating core; framing, doors, windows, and trim may be supplied separately. | Panels are fixed to a supporting frame, and joints, corners, openings, and roof interfaces are sealed. | Lightweight buildings, accommodation blocks, and projects requiring rapidly installed enclosure systems. | Panel type, fire performance, joint detailing, and the supporting structure must suit the intended building use and applicable codes. |
| 8 | Hybrid steel-and-concrete modular housing | Factories produce steel frames or modules alongside precast floor, wall, or stair components for use in a combined system. | Steel and concrete elements are installed in a planned sequence and connected to form the complete structural system. | Residential projects combining repeated layouts with project-specific structural requirements. | Interface tolerances and connection details between different materials need close coordination across design and production teams. |
| 9 | Integrated bathroom and service-module supplier | Bathroom pods or service modules are assembled with selected plumbing, electrical, waterproofing, and finish components. | Units are placed within the building structure and connected to the main building services. | Apartment buildings, hotels, and accommodation projects with repeated bathroom layouts. | Accurate coordination of dimensions, drainage, water supply, access, and maintenance requirements is essential; these modules are components, not complete houses. |
| 10 | Integrated prefabricated housing system provider | Coordinates multiple factory-made elements—such as structural panels, stairs, façades, or service modules—under a project-specific production plan. | Components are delivered in installation sequence and assembled by coordinated site teams. | Multi-building residential developments and projects with repeated building designs. | Digital design coordination, quality checks, delivery scheduling, and clear responsibility for component interfaces support efficient installation. |
